Navigating your child’s developmental journey can feel overwhelming, especially when searching for specialised support. Whether you’re seeking assistance for autism, speech delays, occupational therapy (OT), school readiness, or Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA), finding the right fit among the many pediatric clinics in Dubai is crucial. The sheer number of choices, from large hospitals to boutique centres, can make it difficult to know where to start.
This guide simplifies your search by providing a detailed roundup of Dubai’s top paediatric specialists. We will explore each centre’s unique programmes, ideal patient profiles, and practical details, helping you make a well-informed decision tailored to your child’s specific needs. Beyond services, understanding a clinic’s emergency preparedness is also valuable. For instance, familiarity with the principles of the Pediatric Chain of Survival can offer parents peace of mind about a facility’s commitment to safety.
Each entry in this list includes direct contact information, operating hours, and a clear breakdown of what makes each clinic stand out. We aim to give you the clarity needed to choose the best possible support for your family’s journey.
1. Georgetown early intervention center
Georgetown Early Intervention Center stands out as a strong, well-rounded choice among pediatric clinics in Dubai by offering a fully integrated, interdisciplinary approach to early developmental support. Its core strength lies in its unified team of specialists, including educational psychologists, occupational therapists, speech therapists, and play-based behaviour therapists, all working together under one roof. This collaborative model ensures that every child receives a coordinated and cohesive care plan, eliminating the logistical and communication challenges families often face when managing appointments with multiple independent providers across the city. The centre’s focus is squarely on early intervention for children with autism, speech delays, and developmental or behavioural challenges, with a significant emphasis on preparing them for a successful transition to school.
The centre’s philosophy is built on individualised therapy. Instead of applying a standardised curriculum, Georgetown develops a unique programme for each learner. This process begins with a thorough assessment to identify the child’s specific strengths and areas needing support. From there, the team designs interventions that target communication, motor skills, social interaction, and learning readiness. A key feature is their use of play-based Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) and other therapist-led interventions, which can improve engagement and make learning more natural and enjoyable for young children. Families interested in understanding the specific challenges and support structures available can learn more about the autism landscape in the UAE and how early intervention plays a crucial role.
Key Features & Services
- Integrated Multidisciplinary Team: The centre provides access to educational psychologists, occupational therapy (OT), speech and language therapy (SLT), and Applied Behaviour Analysis (ABA) in one location, promoting seamless collaboration.
- Individualised Therapy Programmes: Each child’s intervention plan is customised to their personal needs and school-readiness goals, moving away from a one-size-fits-all model.
- Focus on Early Intervention: Services are specifically designed for young children to build foundational skills in communication, behaviour, and functional living when support can have the greatest impact.
- Play-Based ABA Therapy: This modern approach to ABA uses a child’s natural motivation to play to teach new skills, making therapy sessions more engaging and effective.
Who It’s Best For
Georgetown Early Intervention Center is an excellent choice for families seeking a comprehensive, one-stop solution for their child’s developmental needs. It is particularly well-suited for parents who value a coordinated care approach and want a team of different specialists to collaborate on their child’s progress. The emphasis on individualised, play-based methods makes it ideal for young children who may not respond well to more rigid, structured therapeutic settings.
Location, Hours & Contact
- Location: Details are provided upon enquiry.
- Hours: Specific hours are available upon direct contact.
- Contact: Families are encouraged to use the contact form on the website for personalised assessments, programme details, and scheduling.
- Website: https://www.georgetownuae.com
| Pros | Cons |
|---|---|
| Multidisciplinary team enables holistic, coordinated care. | Pricing, packages, and insurance details are not published online. |
| Individualised therapy plans are tailored to each child. | Lacks public-facing client testimonials or detailed practitioner bios. |
| Strong focus on early intervention and school readiness. | No formal accreditations or certifications are listed on the website. |
| Play-based ABA can improve engagement and learning. |
2. Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital (Dubai Health)
Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital is not just a clinic; it is the UAE’s flagship, purpose-built hospital dedicated exclusively to pediatric care. As the central pediatric hub within the Dubai Health network, it’s the go-to destination for complex medical needs, offering an exceptional range of subspecialties all under one roof. Its website serves as a primary portal for families to understand its extensive services and begin their care journey.
Who It's Best For
This hospital is the premier choice for children requiring coordinated care from multiple specialists, particularly for complex, rare, or chronic conditions. Families dealing with significant medical issues alongside developmental concerns like autism or severe speech delays will find its integrated approach invaluable. It is also the top facility in Dubai for pediatric emergencies, with a dedicated paediatric and neonatal intensive care unit (PICU/NICU).
Key Services and Specialisations
Al Jalila provides a full spectrum of pediatric services, making it a cornerstone among pediatric clinics in Dubai. Their Child and Adolescent Mental Health Centre (CAMHS) offers vital support, while other departments manage everything from neurology and genetics to rehabilitation services.
- Multidisciplinary Teams: Coordinated clinics mean your child can see a developmental paediatrician, a neurologist, and a speech therapist in a streamlined process, often on the same day.
- Integrated Diagnostics: The hospital has its own advanced imaging and laboratory facilities, which speeds up diagnosis and treatment planning.
- Rehabilitation Services: It offers comprehensive occupational therapy, physiotherapy, and speech-language therapy, often integrated with a child's broader medical treatment plan.
A Note on Georgetown Early Intervention Center vs. Al Jalila:
Choose Al Jalila Children’s when your child’s developmental delays are intertwined with complex medical conditions that require simultaneous management by multiple subspecialists or hospital-level care. It is built for medical complexity. Georgetown is better suited for focused, intensive early intervention for developmental and learning challenges in a non-hospital setting, excelling in ABA, school readiness, and targeted therapies.
| At a Glance | Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital |
|---|---|
| Pros | Cons |
| ✓ Consolidates multiple subspecialists on one campus | ✗ Wait times can be long for non-urgent appointments |
| ✓ Premier choice for pediatric emergencies and complex cases | ✗ Fee structure is not public; pre-authorisation is essential |
| ✓ Integrated with the wider Dubai Health network |
Location & Contact
- Address: Al Jaddaf, Dubai
- Hours: 24/7 for emergency services; outpatient clinics typically Sun – Thu, 8:00 AM – 5:00 PM
- Website: dubaihealth.ae/al-jalila-childrens-speciality-hospital
3. King’s College Hospital London – Dubai
King’s College Hospital London brings its esteemed UK healthcare standards directly to Dubai, offering a trusted option for families familiar with or seeking British medical practices. With a major hospital in Dubai Hills and a well-located clinic in Jumeirah, its website acts as the primary gateway for booking appointments and exploring its wide array of pediatric services. It is particularly recognised for its consultant-led approach to both general and developmental pediatrics.
Who It’s Best For
This hospital is an excellent choice for families seeking UK-trained pediatric consultants and a structured pathway for neurodevelopmental assessments. It is ideal for children who need a thorough evaluation involving multiple disciplines like speech therapy, psychology, and audiology to diagnose conditions like autism or ADHD. Families valuing a direct connection to a UK-based medical institution will find this a reassuring choice.
Key Services and Specialisations
King’s College Hospital provides a robust selection of pediatric care, making it a strong contender among pediatric clinics in Dubai. Their strength lies in combining general pediatric care with specialised developmental services, all adhering to NICE (National Institute for Health and Care Excellence) guidelines from the UK.
- Multidisciplinary Developmental Assessments: The hospital offers coordinated evaluations where a child can be seen by a developmental paediatrician, speech and language therapist (SLT), and psychologist to get a complete diagnostic picture.
- Dedicated Therapy Services: The hospital’s CORE Centre for Orthopaedics, Physiotherapy and Rehabilitation provides specialised pediatric physiotherapy and occupational therapy in Dubai, ensuring therapy is integrated with medical oversight.
- Consultant-led Emergency Care: It provides 24/7 pediatric emergency services and a consultant-led paediatric intensive care unit (PICU), offering high-level care for acute medical needs.
A Note on Georgetown Early Intervention Center vs. King’s College Hospital:
Choose King’s College Hospital for a medically-led, comprehensive diagnostic assessment within a hospital framework, especially if you prefer UK-based clinical protocols or need access to pediatric subspecialties like orthopedics. Georgetown is better suited for providing intensive, behaviour-based interventions like ABA therapy and specialised school readiness programmes in a dedicated, non-clinical centre environment after a diagnosis has been established.
| At a Glance | King’s College Hospital London – Dubai |
|---|---|
| Pros | Cons |
| ✓ Access to UK-trained consultants and subspecialists | ✗ Hospital setting can be more expensive than polyclinics |
| ✓ Strong pathway for neurodevelopmental evaluations | ✗ Busy clinics can lead to longer lead times for appointments |
| ✓ Integrated therapy and medical services under one roof | ✗ Insurance coverage should be verified for all services |
Location & Contact
- Address: Dubai Hills (Hospital) & Jumeirah (Medical Centre)
- Hours: 24/7 for emergency; outpatient clinic hours vary by location (typically Sun – Sat)
- Website: kingscollegehospitaldubai.com
4. Medcare Women & Children Hospital
Medcare Women & Children Hospital is a private facility designed with families in mind, offering a comforting and specialised environment for pediatric care. As part of the wider Medcare network, its website acts as an efficient gateway for booking appointments and exploring a range of services, from general pediatrics to specific subspecialties. It provides a sense of continuity, allowing parents to manage their child's health journey through a connected system.
Who It's Best For
This hospital is an excellent choice for families seeking a premium, private healthcare experience with a strong focus on general pediatrics, neonatology, and common childhood illnesses. Parents who value a child-friendly atmosphere and the convenience of a large, networked group of clinics for easier appointment access will find Medcare’s model beneficial. It is particularly suitable for routine check-ups, vaccinations, and consultations for developmental concerns that do not require an immediate, intensive multidisciplinary team.
Key Services and Specialisations
Medcare offers a strong foundation in pediatric medicine, making it a reliable name among pediatric clinics in Dubai. The hospital provides specialised care in pediatric neurology and surgery while being supported by the broader network's offerings.
- Network Continuity: A child seen at the hospital can be referred to a specialist, such as an educational psychologist or therapist, at another Medcare clinic with shared medical records, ensuring a smooth transition.
- Child-Centred Environment: The facility is purpose-built to reduce the anxiety often associated with hospital visits, with play areas and a welcoming decor.
- Telehealth Options: For follow-up consultations or minor concerns, Medcare provides telehealth services, offering convenience for busy families.
A Note on Georgetown Early Intervention Center vs. Medcare:
Choose Medcare for comprehensive medical care, including general health, vaccinations, and specialist consultations for issues like pediatric neurology, within a hospital setting. It is excellent for managing a child's overall health. Georgetown is the better choice for dedicated, intensive, and non-medical interventions like ABA therapy, school readiness programmes, and targeted speech or occupational therapy in a specialised centre environment.
| At a Glance | Medcare Women & Children Hospital |
|---|---|
| Pros | Cons |
| ✓ Reputation among parents for quality pediatric care | ✗ Pricing varies by insurance; no package prices online |
| ✓ Broad appointment availability via the Medcare network | ✗ Peak maternity traffic can affect pediatric appointment slots |
| ✓ Child-oriented environment designed to be comforting |
Location & Contact
- Address: Sheikh Zayed Road, Al Safa 2, Dubai
- Hours: 24/7 for inpatient and emergency services; outpatient clinics have specific timings, usually Sun – Sat.
- Website: medcare.ae/en/branches/view/medcare-women-children-hospital.html
5. Mediclinic Parkview Hospital (Paediatrics)
Mediclinic Parkview Hospital offers a robust paediatrics department within a modern, family-focused private hospital setting. Located in Dubai's southern corridor, it serves a large residential community with a full spectrum of general and acute paediatric care. Its website acts as an efficient gateway for families to book appointments, find doctors, and understand the services available, all backed by the extensive Mediclinic network.
Who It's Best For
This hospital is ideal for families seeking high-quality, hospital-based paediatric care for routine-to-moderate issues, from well-baby check-ups to managing acute illnesses that require emergency department support. It is a strong choice for those living in areas like Al Barsha South, Arabian Ranches, and DAMAC Hills who want reliable paediatric services close to home, with clear referral pathways to subspecialists within the broader Mediclinic network.
Key Services and Specialisations
While known for its strong general paediatrics, Mediclinic Parkview stands out as one of the key pediatric clinics in Dubai by offering integrated hospital services. The direct link to its own emergency department ensures seamless care for urgent situations, a crucial factor for parents.
- Network Referrals: A key benefit is the easy referral pathway to Mediclinic subspecialists across Dubai for more specific needs like paediatric cardiology or allergy testing.
- Acute Paediatric Care: The hospital is fully equipped to handle common childhood illnesses and injuries, providing admissions, diagnostics, and follow-up care.
- General Paediatrics and Vaccinations: The department offers routine developmental checks, immunisations, and ongoing health management for children of all ages. Many families also use their services for concerns around mild developmental or speech delays, and you can learn more about dedicated speech therapy in Dubai for specialised support.
A Note on Georgetown Early Intervention Center vs. Mediclinic:
Choose Mediclinic Parkview for medically focused paediatric care, acute illnesses, and initial assessments for developmental concerns within a hospital system. Its strength lies in general health management with emergency backup. Georgetown is the superior choice for intensive, non-medical interventions like ABA therapy, school readiness programmes, and targeted therapies for autism and significant developmental delays in a dedicated centre environment.
| At a Glance | Mediclinic Parkview Hospital (Paediatrics) |
|---|---|
| Pros | Cons |
| ✓ Balanced hospital-level care without tertiary-centre intensity | ✗ For highly complex or rare conditions, a specialist hospital may be better |
| ✓ Strong general paediatrics with ties to subspecialists | ✗ Experiences can vary depending on the individual physician |
| ✓ Excellent for acute care with emergency department linkage |
Location & Contact
- Address: Al Barsha South, Dubai
- Hours: 24/7 for emergency services; outpatient clinic hours vary by doctor
- Website: mediclinic.ae/en/parkview-hospital/services-and-specialities/paediatrics.html
6. American Hospital Dubai – Pediatrics
American Hospital Dubai is a major private medical institution known for its high standards of care and Western board-certified physicians. Its pediatric department is exceptionally broad, functioning as a centralised hub for everything from routine check-ups to highly specialised medical and developmental care. The hospital's website provides a clear gateway to this wide array of services, including its network of community clinics, making it easy for families to find care close to home.
Who It's Best For
This hospital is ideal for families who value having a wide range of pediatric subspecialties and rehabilitation services under a single, reputable brand. It’s an excellent choice for children with chronic conditions like epilepsy, asthma, or endocrine disorders who need long-term management alongside developmental support. The presence of a PICU/NICU and multiple community clinics also makes it a reliable option for both emergencies and accessible everyday care.
Key Services and Specialisations
American Hospital provides one of the most complete service menus among pediatric clinics in Dubai, bridging the gap between general pediatrics and advanced subspecialty medicine. Their neurodevelopment clinic and integrated rehabilitation services are particularly relevant for families navigating developmental challenges.
- Broad Subspecialty Roster: Access to specialists in pediatric neurology, pulmonology, endocrinology, gastroenterology, and more, all within one system.
- Pediatric Rehabilitation: The hospital offers in-house physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and speech-language therapy, allowing for treatment plans that align with a child’s medical care.
- Community Clinic Network: With locations in various Dubai neighbourhoods, families can see a general paediatrician for routine needs and be seamlessly referred to the main hospital for specialist care.
A Note on Georgetown Early Intervention Center vs. American Hospital:
Choose American Hospital when your child has a diagnosed medical condition (like epilepsy or a genetic disorder) that requires ongoing specialist oversight in a hospital setting, in addition to developmental therapies. It centralises complex medical and rehabilitative care. Georgetown is better suited for intensive, behaviour-focused interventions like ABA in a dedicated, non-clinical early intervention centre, especially when school readiness is the primary goal.
| At a Glance | American Hospital Dubai – Pediatrics |
|---|---|
| Pros | Cons |
| ✓ One of Dubai’s widest pediatric service menus under a single brand | ✗ Large-hospital pricing and copays can be higher; verify insurer coverage |
| ✓ Good option for long-term management across subspecialties with rehab support | ✗ High demand for popular subspecialists; scheduling ahead is recommended |
| ✓ Multiple community clinics for convenient access |
Location & Contact
- Address: Main Hospital at 19th Street, Oud Metha, Dubai (with clinics in Dubai Media City, Al Barsha, and more)
- Hours: 24/7 for emergency services; outpatient clinic hours vary by location, with extended and weekend options available.
- Website: ahdubai.com/services/pediatrics
7. myPediaclinic (Dubai Healthcare City)
Located in the heart of Dubai Healthcare City, myPediaclinic is a boutique clinic that excels at integrating general pediatrics with essential ancillary services like dentistry and nutrition. Its welcoming, child-centric atmosphere is designed to make routine check-ups and specialist visits less intimidating. The clinic’s website provides a clear overview of its services, focusing on preventive care and a family-centred approach.
Who It's Best For
This clinic is an excellent choice for families seeking a single, reliable location for their child’s primary health, dental, and nutritional needs. It's particularly well-suited for routine well-child visits, vaccinations, and managing common childhood illnesses. Parents concerned about their child’s feeding habits, weight, or seeking early dental care will appreciate the integrated expertise. Their pediatric dentists are also experienced in supporting children with special needs, making dental visits more manageable.
Key Services and Specialisations
While not a large-scale therapy centre, myPediaclinic's integrated model makes it a convenient option among pediatric clinics in Dubai for foundational care. The focus is on creating a one-stop-shop for a child's most frequent health requirements, which supports overall developmental progress.
- Integrated Pediatric & Dental Care: Offers general pediatrics (from birth to 18 years) alongside in-house pediatric dentistry and orthodontics, simplifying appointment scheduling for families.
- Pediatric Nutrition: On-site nutritionists work with pediatricians to address feeding issues, weight management, and dietary concerns, providing parents with practical guidance.
- Child-Friendly Environment: The clinic is designed to be inviting for children, which helps reduce anxiety associated with doctor and dentist visits.
A Note on Georgetown Early Intervention Center vs. myPediaclinic:
Choose myPediaclinic for comprehensive, routine pediatric health management where you can also address dental and nutritional needs in the same clinic. It is ideal for families who value the convenience of integrated primary care. Georgetown is the better option when the primary need is intensive, specialised therapy for developmental delays like autism and speech challenges, requiring dedicated ABA, occupational therapy, or school readiness programmes.
| At a Glance | myPediaclinic (Dubai Healthcare City) |
|---|---|
| Pros | Cons |
| ✓ One-stop pediatric, dental, and nutrition services | ✗ Not a hospital; emergencies require referral |
| ✓ Child-friendly clinic praised for its atmosphere | ✗ Subspecialty depth is narrower than larger centres |
| ✓ Recognised with DHCC awards for its service quality |
Location & Contact
- Address: Dubai Healthcare City, Ibn Sina Building 27, Block B, Dubai
- Hours: Sat – Thu, 9:00 AM – 6:00 PM
- Website: mypediaclinic.com
Comparison of Top 7 Pediatric Clinics in Dubai
| Provider | 🔄 Complexity | ⚡ Resource requirements & access | 📊 Expected outcomes | 💡 Ideal use cases | ⭐ Key advantages |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Georgetown Early Intervention Center | Moderate — coordinated interdisciplinary plans | ⚡ Requires in‑house team (psych, OT, SLT, play‑based ABA); contact for pricing | 📊 Improves communication, motor skills & school readiness — ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Young children with autism, speech delay, developmental/behavioural needs | ⭐ Integrated multidisciplinary care with individualized, play‑based programs |
| Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital (Dubai Health) | High — tertiary hospital workflows and referrals | ⚡ High resources: NICU/PICU, imaging, labs; insurance/pre‑auth advised | 📊 Excellent for complex/critical cases and coordinated specialist care — ⭐⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Pediatric emergencies, complex surgical/medical referrals, tertiary care | ⭐ Comprehensive tertiary/subspecialty care with teaching and international links |
| King’s College Hospital London – Dubai | Moderate‑High — consultant‑led, protocolized care | ⚡ UK‑trained consultants and PICU access; verify insurance coverage | 📊 Strong for developmental assessments and specialist follow‑up — ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Families seeking UK‑trained consultants and multidisciplinary developmental evaluations | ⭐ Access to UK consultants and integrated developmental services |
| Medcare Women & Children Hospital | Moderate — hospital with network continuity | ⚡ Dedicated pediatric/neonatal units, telehealth options; pricing varies by insurance | 📊 Reliable pediatric care with continuity across network — ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Families preferring child‑oriented environment and telehealth follow‑up | ⭐ Child‑friendly setting and broad appointment availability via network |
| Mediclinic Parkview Hospital (Paediatrics) | Low‑Moderate — family‑oriented hospital model | ⚡ ER backup and Mediclinic referral pathways; suitable for routine→moderate cases | 📊 Good acute care and follow‑up; not tertiary‑intense — ⭐⭐⭐ | Routine to moderate pediatric issues and neighborhood continuity of care | ⭐ Balanced hospital‑level care with networked subspecialty access |
| American Hospital Dubai – Pediatrics | High — large hospital systems and scheduling | ⚡ Extensive subspecialties and rehab (PT/OT/SLT); higher fees likely | 📊 Broad long‑term management across subspecialties — ⭐⭐⭐⭐ | Families needing multi‑subspecialty care, rehabilitation and long‑term follow‑up | ⭐ One of the widest pediatric service menus with Western board‑certified physicians |
| myPediaclinic (Dubai Healthcare City) | Low — clinic‑focused preventive model | ⚡ In‑clinic pediatrics, dentistry and nutrition; not for admissions or emergencies | 📊 Strong preventive, vaccination and feeding/nutrition outcomes — ⭐⭐⭐ | Well‑child visits, vaccinations, pediatric dental and nutrition in one location | ⭐ Convenient one‑stop child‑centric clinic with DHCC recognition |
Making the Best Choice for Your Child's Future
Finding the right support for your child is one of the most important decisions you will make. Dubai offers a diverse range of paediatric care options, from large, multi-specialty hospitals to dedicated intervention centres. Your journey begins with understanding this landscape and identifying which model best serves your child's unique developmental or medical needs.
Our review of leading pediatric clinics in Dubai has highlighted two distinct paths. On one hand, institutions like Al Jalila Children’s Specialty Hospital and King’s College Hospital London offer extensive medical resources under one roof. These are excellent choices for children with complex medical conditions or those requiring access to a wide array of paediatric subspecialists for diagnostic purposes.
On the other hand, specialised centres present a focused approach. For parents concerned about developmental milestones, social communication, or school readiness, a centre with an integrated therapy model offers clear advantages. This is where places like Georgetown Early Intervention Center distinguish themselves by providing a cohesive, team-based strategy for conditions such as autism, speech and language delays, and behavioural challenges.
Your Action Plan for Selecting a Clinic
Navigating this decision requires a structured approach. Rather than feeling overwhelmed by the options, use this guide to create a clear plan. The "best" clinic is the one that feels right for your child and aligns with your family’s goals.
Here are your actionable next steps:
- Define Your Primary Goal: What is the most pressing need right now? Is it a medical diagnosis, developmental assessment, intensive therapy like ABA, or support with school readiness? Your primary goal will immediately help you filter the list.
- Shortlist 2-3 Clinics: Based on your goal, select the top contenders. If you need integrated developmental support, your list might include specialised centres. If you suspect an underlying medical issue, a hospital-based clinic might be more appropriate.
- Prepare a List of Questions: Before you make any calls, write down your questions. Consider asking about their specific experience with your child's challenges, the qualifications of their therapists, their approach to family involvement, and the structure of their assessment process.
- Schedule Consultations: The final step is to experience the environment firsthand. An initial consultation or tour allows you to meet the team, observe the atmosphere, and determine if it is a place where your child will feel comfortable and supported.
Key Consideration: Remember to evaluate the logistics. Consider the clinic's location, operating hours, and how session schedules will fit into your family's routine. A brilliant programme that is too difficult to attend consistently may not be the most practical choice. The right fit involves both the quality of care and its accessibility for your family.
Choosing a partner in your child's developmental journey is a profound step. Trust your instincts, do your research, and seek a team that listens to your concerns and respects your role as your child's primary advocate. This proactive approach will ensure you find the support that empowers your child to thrive.
Ready to take the next step with a team dedicated to early developmental support? Learn how Georgetown early intervention center provides personalised, evidence-based therapy programmes for autism, speech delay, and school readiness in a nurturing environment. Visit Georgetown early intervention center to book a consultation and discover a truly integrated approach to your child’s progress.
